The body has an exoskeleton made up of epidermal hair.ii. O'Dea, A., and B. Okamura. Tubular zoecia which are calcareous in nature. Through their unique, and relatively primitive form, the Phylactolaemata likely provide a closer resemblance to the ancestral bryozoansthat potentially lived in the Cambrian, or earlierthan do the more specialized Stenolaemata and Gymnolaemata. Journal of Paleontology,87:984-990. Intestine, typhlosole, with the fold. Statoblasts, which are unique to phylactolaemates, are a strategy for asexual reproduction and dispersal. The characters of amphioxus are not clearly represented in the novel. Numerous, small eggs. Sitting in this sheath-like zooecium, autozooids contain a U-shaped gut, with a mouth at the base of the lophophore feeding apparatus and an anus positioned just below the lophophore, hence the name Ectoprocta. An operculum, the first trait, is used to close individual zoecium when the lophophore has been retracted, serving as a passive defensive mechanism against predators or to limit exposure to unfavorable conditions. Fibrous and cartilaginous Endoskeletons. V. These chordates have a paired lateral appendage in the form of limbs or fins. The name indicates that amphibians can live in both aquatic as well as land habitats. (2015) is largely in agreement on the phyla within the Lophotrochozoa, but does not include the Lophophorata grouping, as in the hypothesis from Taylor and Waeschenback (2015). Series B. In the excretory system, the urinary bladder is absent to reduce body weight.xi. Rs 9000, Learn one-to-one with a teacher for a personalised experience, Confidence-building & personalised learning courses for Class LKG-8 students, Get class-wise, author-wise, & board-wise free study material for exam preparation, Get class-wise, subject-wise, & location-wise online tuition for exam preparation, Know about our results, initiatives, resources, events, and much more, Creating a safe learning environment for every child, Helps in learning for Children affected by The zooecium secretes calcium carbonate to form a skeleton in groups like the cheilostome Gymnolaemata, or gelatinous material in Phylactolaemata (learn more about these groups in the sections below). All post-Palaeozoic cyclostomes have interzooidal connections via pores in the vertical walls separating adjacent zooids.