Britain led and funded the series of coalitions that fought France from 1793 to 1815, and then restored the Bourbons. Camille Desmoulins asked his followers to wear green cockades on 12 July 1789. By 1785, the government was struggling to cover these payments; since defaulting on the debt would negatively impact much of French society, the only other option was to increase taxes. [117], The Law of 22 Prairial (10 June) denied "enemies of the people" the right to defend themselves. [85] As expected and indeed intended by their authors, both were vetoed by Louis who was now portrayed as opposed to reform in general. [243], This exchange of ideas has been described as "one of the great political debates in British history". As was customary, each Estate assembled in separate rooms, whose furnishings and opening ceremonies deliberately emphasised the superiority of the First and Second Estates. The French Revolution deeply polarised American politics, and this polarisation led to the creation of the First Party System. The sentence was carried out on 21 January on the Place de la Rvolution, now the Place de la Concorde. The invasion of Egypt in July 1798 confirmed European fears of French expansionism, and the War of the Second Coalition began in November. In the Soviet Union, "Gracchus" Babeuf was regarded as a hero. Despite their propaganda for freedom, revolutionaries never recognized this right, or even the right to autonomy. [109], On 10 October, the Convention recognised the Committee of Public Safety as the supreme Revolutionary Government, and suspended the Constitution until peace was achieved. French Revolution | Timeline | Britannica [38] On 12 July, the Assembly went into a non-stop session after rumours circulated he was planning to use the Swiss Guards to force it to close. Regarding the last point, King Louis XVI's record was in doubt early in his reign, as the lack of an heir in the first seven . Du Pont tried becoming a printer, but it was hard to make money, so he left for America with his family. On 30 September, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, and the Legislative Assembly convened the next day. [100], Growing discontent allowed the clubs to mobilise against the Girondins. In a speech made to the convention on 26 July, he claimed certain members were conspiring against the Republic, an almost certain death sentence if confirmed. [159] However, the expiration of the 12-month term for the 1792 recruits forced the French to relinquish their conquests. When Jacques Hbert called for a popular revolt against the "henchmen of Louis Capet" on 24 May, he was arrested by the Commission of Twelve, a Girondin-dominated tribunal set up to expose 'plots'. The extent of the brutal repression that followed has been debated by French historians since the mid-19th century. The revolt failed and Og was killed. An effort was made to replace the Catholic Church altogether with the Cult of Reason, and with civic festivals replacing religious ones, leading to attacks by locals on state officials. At one end of the political spectrum, reactionaries like Cazals and Maury denounced the Revolution in all its forms, with extremists like Maximilien Robespierre at the other. There was a widespread assumption that writing was a vocation, not a business, and the role of the press was the advancement of civic republicanism. [202], Counter-revolutionary women resisted what they saw as the increasing intrusion of the state into their lives. [164], In 1789, the most populous French colonies were Saint-Domingue (today Haiti), Martinique, Guadeloupe, the le Bourbon (Runion) and the lede la France. Executive power was in the hands of five Directors, selected by the Council of Ancients from a list provided by the lower house, with a five-year mandate. [92] The former Brissotins now split into moderate Girondins led by Brissot, and radical Montagnards, headed by Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton and Jean-Paul Marat.
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