Conceiving of both creativity and innovation as being integral parts of essentially the same . For a fast-food worker, you can increase variety by having employees learn each station and rotate through. Once these positive psychological states are experienced by employees it will lead to positive outcomes regarding their jobs. Meaning that employees involvement in the task should be from start to the finish rather than only being responsible for adding small parts to the whole task. If the marketing manager gives feedback every few months to their department employees, they will be aware of how they can improve and what were the outcomes of their performance. Hackman & Oldham's Job Characteristics model The key advantages are: The model provides a clear and simple structure that can be easily incorporated into the job design and has a clear connection between the job characteristics and outcomes of employees satisfaction at work. We have said that we need to give employees more tasks, use more of their skills, and find ways of giving them challenges. You can see who is responsible for which duties. Employees tend to find jobs more meaningful when they have to use several different skills and abilities to execute their roles. Using this initial research, Hackman & Oldham introduced the Job Characteristics Model. The job characteristics theory advocates for \"decentralization.\" This entails assigning duties to the lowest organizational level possible while encouraging autonomy, self-reliance, and freedom of action. It correlates a job or task's characteristics with the individual's responses and satisfaction level carrying out the work. Hackman and Oldhams model does not address the individual employees needs. The following are the five core dimensions that were identified: Variety of skills- The degree to which a job involves a variety of different activities that necessitate the use of a wide range of the job holders skills and abilities. This job characteristic explains to what extent employees can make decisions in the organisation rather than being micromanaged by the managers. The Job Characteristics Model is a tool that helps you understand how a persons motivation to execute a job is influenced by the core characteristics of that job. Hackman & Oldham's Model model takes into account that not all employees require these job characteristics to be fulfilled in their jobs.