Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.12.001, Fox, G. P. P., and Matthews, T. G. (1989). Moreover, through the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the placenta stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone release in the anterior pituitary of the fetus, affecting both fetal HPA axis and amygdala development (Seckl and Meaney, 2004). Defects Res. A., Cox, M. J., Karchmar, E. J., McGrath, M. J., Pancham, S. R., and Piercy, W. N. (1981). As such, fetal heart tracings should be combined with other clinical methods to ensure accurate interpretation of your babys condition. Semin. Taken together, non-invasive assessment of maternal and fetal health via HRV monitoring throughout the pregnancy, from its earliest stages, will enable an individualized risk profiling and outcome projection during the latter stages of gestation and during delivery, a true disruption of the status quo that will improve maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Maternal and transabdominal ECG recorded in the early third trimester carry information about the chronic exposure of the motherfetus dyad to stress detectable by deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence techniques (Sarkar et al., 2021). Res. doi: 10.1007/s40572-015-0053-0, Gutke, A., Betten, C., Degerskr, K., Pousette, S., and Olsn, M. F. (2015). Transl. Crit. Vasoconstriction is mediated through the -adrenergic receptors in liver, kidney, skin and gut, and vasodilation is mediated through adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90616-0, Jonsson, M., Nordn-Lindeberg, S., Ostlund, I., and Hanson, U. (2003). This cardiac-orienting response does not seem to be detectable before the functional maturity of the fetal autonomic system, which occurs around 32 WGA (Krueger and Garvan, 2019). During labor, however, the nervous system is highly vulnerable to injuries due to hypoxia, energy deprivation, or oxidative stress (Morton and Brodsky, 2016; Mulkey and du Plessis, 2018; Mulkey et al., 2021). 9:593889. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.593889, Goldaber, K. G., Gilstrap, L. C., Leveno, K. J., Dax, J. S., and McIntire, D. D. (1991). (2018). doi: 10.1007/s10286-018-0577-0, Smith, M., Galbraith, W., and Blumer, J. In the same way, stress relief during pregnancy, skin-to-skin contact, and social interactions between newborns and parents/caregivers can help newborns tune their ANS, reduce stress, increase resilience, and improve their neural plasticity (Horne, 2018; Mulkey and du Plessis, 2018; Manzotti et al., 2019; Antonelli et al., 2021).