Read and study old-school with our bound texts. Also, in his biography The World of Christopher Marlowe, David Riggs claims the incident remained with the playwright, and massacres are incorporated into the final acts of three of his early plays, 1 and 2 Tamburlaine and The Jew of Malta see above for Marlowe and Machiavellism. [94], The historian H.G. The Swiss mercenaries expelled the Protestant nobles from the Louvre castle and then slaughtered them in the streets. The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . 2. Bloody Mary on the throne (1553-1558) Madame, the king refuses to involve himself in one war. People The Huguenot political movement was crippled by the loss of many of its prominent aristocratic leaders, and many rank-and-file members subsequently converted. Instead of crippling the Huguenot party as Catherine had hoped it would do, the massacre revived hatred between Roman Catholics and Huguenots and helped provoke a renewal of hostilities. Shortly before dawn on August 24 the bell of Saint-Germain-lAuxerrois began to toll and the massacre began. 8891 (quotation from p. 91), Foa, Jrmie, "Tous ceux qui tombent. She accordingly gave her approval to a plot that the Roman Catholic house of Guise had been hatching to assassinate Coligny, whom it held responsible for the murder of Franois de Guise in 1563. From The Religious Peace of Augsburg, Reform in the Catholic World [1] A fellow Huguenot refugee, a banker from Lyon, commissioned the painting to commemorate the event. FROM A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre The struggle for supremacy in northern Italy, which marked the last half of the fif- teenth century, gave rise to a new form of diplomacy, including structures and pro- cedures that would be fundamental to relations among all modern states. [50] The pope ordered a Te Deum to be sung as a special thanksgiving (a practice continued for many years after) and had a medal struck with the motto Ugonottorum strages 1572 (Latin: "Overthrow (or slaughter) of the Huguenots 1572") showing an angel bearing a cross and a sword before which are the felled Protestants. Though by no means unique, the bloodletting "was the worst of the century's religious massacres". That evening, Catherine held a meeting at the Tuileries Palace with her Italian advisers, including Albert de Gondi, Comte de Retz. Modern historians are still divided over the responsibility of the royal family: The traditional interpretation makes Catherine de' Medici and her Catholic advisers the principal culprits in the execution of the principal military leaders.